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日本加强大气监控,希望协助中国治污

2013年2月9日

近日中国中东部地区再度出现雾霾天气,对此很多日本人为自己的健康感到担忧,担心污染的大气不久会漂移到日本上空。日本政府表示,希望在气候环境改善方面与中国进行交流合作。

https://p.dw.com/p/17bLO
This picture taken on January 12, 2013 shows sun light being reflected in a window of a building in Beijing. Dense smog shrouded Beijing on January 12, with pollution at hazardous levels for a second day and residents advised to stay indoors, state media said. AFP PHOTO / WANG ZHAO (Photo credit should read WANG ZHAO/AFP/Getty Images)
雾霾下的北京图像来源: Wang Zhao/AFP/Getty Images

(德国之声中文网)上个月,美国驻北京大使馆测到的PM2.5每小时峰值水平达到每立方米526微克——这高出世界卫生组织规定的安全水平20倍以上,被中国民众戏称为“爆表指数”。

中国空气PM2.5指数持续飘高的主要原因之一是汽车数量不断增加,汽车尾气排放也随之增加。另外,中国严重依赖煤炭发电,农业燃料燃烧率极低,这都导致了空气污染的恶化。

日本对污染物传播的恐惧

在工业繁荣的同时,日本很多城市在过去的几十年也曾面临严重的大气污染。然而通过持续治理以及实施更为严格的尾气排放和清洁燃料标准,污染得到了控制和改善。今天的日本空气比中国绝大部分地区要清洁的多。

A guard stands in front of the Tiananmen during severe smog in Beijing, China, 12 January 2013. Beijing was hit by its worst smog in almost a year. Exacerbated by heavy fog, the dense, choking smog that had blanketed the capital for the better part of the past fortnight plunged to a new low yesterday morning. Although the capital is often hit by smog in winter, the past two weeks have seen one of the longest stretches of smoggy days in Beijing in years. Pollution readings, including those for the smog-inducing fine particles known as PM2.5, from the local environmental watchdog and the US embassy were well in severely polluted or hazardous levels for most of Thursday night and Friday morning.
雾霾下的天安门广场图像来源: picture-alliance/dpa

也许正基于此,日本民众对本国空气环境的变化格外关注。在以往,特别是在春季沙尘季节——中国戈壁大漠的黄沙漫天飞舞的日子里,日本往往可以检测到空气中污染物含量的增加。

据法新社消息,日本南部的福冈县九州岛上周设立了额外的检测站,专门测量可能的来自中国的大气污染源。显示器测量当地的PM2.5水平在50微克左右,高于当地标准规定的35微克。

目前尚没有数据表明,中国近来频繁的雾霾天气对日本空气颗粒物水平产生影响。尽管如此,日本诸多媒体都对潜在的危险进行了报道。

共同应对空气污染

据多家日本媒体报道,日本全国检测测点已从现有的556个扩大至1300个。日本环境部将在其官方网站上增设关于PM2.5的专题页面,公布观测点的数据及政府可能的应对措施。

Paramilitary police march at Tiananmen gate as a sandstorm reduces visibility in Beijing, China, Monday, March 22, 2010. Cities across China are being battered by spring sandstorms, forcing residents to cover their faces with masks and scarves to protect against the swirling grit. (AP Photo/Gemunu Amarasinghe)
沙尘天气下的天安门广场图像来源: AP

长期以来,日本一直与中国在亚洲大陆酸雨污染治理方面进行合作。现在东京政府也表达出希望协助中国共同应对当前的空气污染的意愿。

据新华网引用日本共同社消息,东京地方政府已向北京政府发公文以及一封“致北京市长的亲笔信”,写明“可提供技术支援的领域”,以及东京在大气污染治理方面的经验教训,借此表达协助北京应对污染、改善环境的意愿。

综合报道:万方
责编:乐然