1. 跳轉至内容
  2. 跳轉至主選單
  3. 跳轉到更多DW網站

「好奇號」火星車成功著陸

2012年8月6日

經歷了長達8個月、5.7億公里的漫長旅程,美國宇航局的「好奇號」火星車本周一成功在火星表面著陸。按計劃,這台重約1噸、號稱人類有史以來運送至其他星球最精密複雜的設備,將在火星表面進行至少22個月的科學探測。

https://p.dw.com/p/15kUs
In this image from NASA TV, shot off a video screen, one of the first images from a second batch of images sent from the Curiosity rover is pictured of its wheel after it successfully landed on Mars. The video screen was inside the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) team inside the Spaceflight Operations Facility for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover at Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California August 5, 2012.The rover landed on the Martian surface shortly after 10:30 p.m. Pacific time on Sunday (1:30 a.m. EDT Monday/0530 GMT) to begin a two-year mission seeking evidence the Red Planet once hosted ingredients for life, NASA said. REUTERS/Courtesy NASA TV/Handout (UNITED STATES - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
圖片來源: Reuters

[德國之聲中文網]

美國西海岸時間周日晚22點40分,洛杉磯的NASA噴氣推進實驗室的控制中心裡一片歡騰。科學家與工程師們剛剛收到"好奇號"火星車成功著陸的訊號。美國宇航局表示,這也許是迄今為止除載人航天以外,人類在太空探索領域的最複雜任務。

數分鐘後,好奇號火星車成功傳回了三幅照片,展示了火星表面的景象。其中一幅中,畫面一角還出現了火星車的車輪。

Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service ,Germany Picture Service Image shot off a video screen from NASA TV shows members of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) team celebrating inside the Spaceflight Operations Facility for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover at Jet Propulsion Laboratory after receiving the first few images from the Curiosity rover, in Pasadena, California August 5, 2012. Mission controllers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory said they received signals relayed by a Martian orbiter confirming that the rover had survived a make-or-break descent and landing attempt to touch down as planned inside a vast impact crater. One of the first images sent from the rover is shown on screen in the background. REUTERS/Courtesy NASA TV/Handout (UNITED STATES - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
NASA Kontrollzentrum Mars Landung Roboter Curiosity圖片來源: Reuters

控制中心一名工作人員透露,"好奇號"的著陸地點在火星南半球的一座山腳下,地勢平坦。這項名為"火星科學實驗"的探測項目,耗資達25億美元。這也是70年代"海盜號"探測計劃後,美國宇航局的又一次外星生命探測任務。值得一提的是,目前的美國宇航局正面臨大規模的經費削減,一年前甚至終止了所有太空梭任務。

歐巴馬總統的首席科學顧問霍頓(John Holdren)在控制中心現場表示,這是星際探索的里程碑,此前還沒有人達到過這個高度。

歐巴馬本人稍後也發表講話,指出"好奇號"是人類史上運送至其他星球最複雜精密的實驗設備,火星車的成功著陸是科技史上前所未有的成就,它將是今後多年的民族驕傲。歐巴馬還表彰了科研人員的決心與創造力,他強調正是對創新、科技及基礎學科的廣泛而持久的投入,使得美國經濟始終為全球所矚目。

In this image from NASA TV, shot off a video screen, one of the first images from the Curiosity rover is pictured of its wheel after it successfully landed on Mars. The video screen was inside the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) team inside the Spaceflight Operations Facility for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover at Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California August 5, 2012. The Curiosity rover landed successfully landed on the surface of Mars. REUTERS/Courtesy NASA TV/Handout (UNITED STATES - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS
NASA Kontrollzentrum Mars Landung Roboter Curiosity圖片來源: Reuters

全新科技 探尋火星生命

在整個任務中,著陸可謂是最困難的部分。由於"好奇號"重約1噸,無法像以前一樣採取氣囊彈跳著陸的方法,研發人員開發了一種全新的、更為可控的著陸方案。"好奇號"飛向火星表面時的速度是每小時2.12萬公里,而從開始減速到著陸則只有約7分鐘的時間。進入火星大氣層後,防熱瓦阻擋摩擦產生的高溫;到了最後階段,飛船展開一頂降落傘--此時飛船依然處於超音速狀態。此後,"好奇號"火星車將會從飛船中彈出,懸掛在由反推火箭提供動力的飛船下面,緩緩下降高度,接近地面時,懸掛纜繩切斷,火星車完成著陸。

與它的前任、2004年登陸的"勇氣號"與"機遇號"相比,"好奇號"並沒有採用太陽能驅動,而是選用了核動力。美國宇航局表示,目前暫時還無法確知登陸地周邊的環境,有待進一步的研究。在開始正式的探測任務前,宇航局還計劃先花費數周時間對登陸的火星車進行各項功能檢測。

而正式的探測任務則將持續至少22個月,也就是一整個火星年。在此期間,火星車將在崎嶇不平的地面上檢查土壤及岩石樣本,判斷該處環境是否適合微生物生存。"好奇號"也將尋找火星早期是否存在過原始生命的證據。

來源:德新社/路透社/美聯社/法新社                  綜合報導:文山

責編:洪沙