政治

北京市推出空气重污染应急预案

最近几天，中国东北部地区又开始出现严重的雾霾天气。为了解决空气污染问题，中国政府推出一系列环保新措施。例如空气污染严重时，北京地区实行机动车限行以及限制煤炭使用量。但是公众对能否迅速改变现状仍持怀疑态度。

A guard stands in front of the Tiananmen during severe smog in Beijing, China, 12 January 2013. Beijing was hit by its worst smog in almost a year. Exacerbated by heavy fog, the dense, choking smog that had blanketed the capital for the better part of the past fortnight plunged to a new low yesterday morning. Although the capital is often hit by smog in winter, the past two weeks have seen one of the longest stretches of smoggy days in Beijing in years. Pollution readings, including those for the smog-inducing fine particles known as PM2.5, from the local environmental watchdog and the US embassy were well in severely polluted or hazardous levels for most of Thursday night and Friday morning.

（德国之声中文网）北京每天有500多辆汽车行驶在公路上，造成交通拥挤不堪。但是现在，汽车，这一中国人地位的象征，成为政府限制的目标，原因是汽车尾气造成的空气污染占全部污染源的四分之一。按照北京市的新规定，未来在雾霾天气严重时，不仅幼儿园和学校暂时关闭，而且将有50%的汽车禁止上路。北京市环保局新闻发言人方力说，当严重空气污染持续3天时，市政府就会启动最高的红色预警，采取机动车车牌单双号限行、整体停驶全部公务车辆的30%等措施。

A heavy haze of smog hangs over China's capital as traffic runs along a major thoroughfare in Beijing, China, 25 July 2008. Air pollution in China's capital still remains a major concern for the upcoming Olympics despite the recent introduction of a series of measures to improve Beijing's air quality. The measures include traffic regulations aimed at reducing the number of vehicles on the roads by 60-70 per cent according to state media as well as closing several factories and adding new subway lines. EPA/DIEGO AZUBEL +++(c) dpa - Report+++

严重雾霾天气时北京车辆将限行

燃煤是空气污染主要原因

红色一级预警意味着空气中的细微粉尘颗粒浓度超过每立方米300微克，也就是超过世界卫生组织规定的标准12倍。因此，许多北京市民支持限制车辆行驶的措施。一位年轻人说，人人都应为保障绿色生活而努力，尽量少开汽车，多乘地铁和公交车，共同来维护环境。但是新措施也招致一些人的批评。例如北京新京报就认为这些措施姗姗来迟，限制的范围不够广泛。该报认为在出现红色预警时，整个城市都应该停止废弃排放。还有些人问道，为什么其它人也制造了污染，而只让驾车人受罚。环保组织也对这些措施的有效性持怀疑态度。绿色和平组织的黄薇（音）说，在出现雾霾天气时才采取措施是不够的。她说，北京周边的一些地区，其中包括山东省和河北省，其燃煤量占全国燃煤总量的半数上。这些地区的大量燃煤是导致该地区和周边地区空气严重污染的主要原因。

落实行动是关键

Visitors wearing masks are seen at the Tiananmen Square in heavy smog in Beijing, China, 28 February 2013. Beijing warned residents to stay indoors as air pollution exceeded hazardous levels five days before Chinas national legislature begins its annual meeting, with thousands of delegates expected in the capital. Concentrations of PM2.5, fine air particles that pose the greatest health risk, rose to 469 micrograms per cubic meter at 10 a.m., near Tiananmen Square compared to an average of 275 in the past 24 hours, the Beijing government reported. The World Health Organization recommends 24-hour exposure to PM2.5 of no higher than 25. The level dropped to 163 at 12 p.m. The country opens its annual National Peoples Congress on March 5 to set this years growth target and discuss policies.

北京空气污染严重超标

不过，一些省市也在采取相关措施。4个地区已经承诺，将在2017年之前，在目前的基础上将燃煤量减少60%。北京则制定行动计划，决心将微尘颗粒污染减少25%。中央政府将投资约50亿人民币治理空气污染。绿色和平组织的黄薇表示，所有这些措施鼓舞人心，但是仍有很多问题悬而未决。她说，中国历来是下很大的决心，但最大的问题是很少落实。无论是50亿的环保投资还是环保行动计划，都必须接受公共审查，监督落实情况。非政府组织和非国营机构应该参与审查工作。

而许多北京居民则提出一些实际问题，如一旦学校停课，孩子们谁来照看？再有，北京的地铁本来就已经拥挤不堪，今后又如何能够容纳那些因车辆限行而改乘公交的开车族？

作者：ARD 编译：李京慧

责编：万方